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金融英语|金融英语阅读:金融世界第三讲a

来源:www.yryqq.com 2025-01-25

大家在历史上过去用小麦或金银等贵重金属作为购买其它 产品 的交换媒介,也就是货币。这种交换媒介本身的内在价值等于要交换的产品的价值。

但现代形式的货币,无论是纸钞、硬币、还是电子货币,它们本身都与要交换的产品价值并不相等。一张五元或是五十元的纸币本身都只是印了彩色图案的纸片,甚至几分钟之内就能把千百万元转手的银行卡,本身也只是不值几文的塑料片。

那样,为何这类纸片和塑料卡深受大家的看重,成为大家日常须臾不可离开的东西呢?这是由于它们本身虽然没什么价值,但却代表了肯定的价值。这也就是说,现代货币是一种名义货币。

在这一讲中,大家就先谈谈名义货币,然后大家再来看一下信用货币。

名义货币,也叫法定货币。英文是 Fiat1 money。Fiat 是拉丁文,它的意思是法令、许可、批准。

澳大利亚墨尔本大学商学院的哈珀教授对 Fiat money,也就是名义货币或法定货币,作了如此的讲解:

Fiat money has not only no particular value in use, it doesn't even really have a value in exchange except that which is decreed that it would have.

名义货币不只没什么特别的价值,而且在产品的交换中它本身根本没价值。它拥有些只不过法律所赋予它的价值。

So fiat money is money which is intrinsically worthless. And its value exists by virtue2 of the fact that it is generally acceptable. And fiat money, needless to say, is one of the most mysterious inventions of the human mind, and no economist3 has managed to explain exactly why it is that people will generally accept something as valuable when it clearly has no value other than that which it is decreed to have.

因此,名义货币从它的本质来讲事实上一钱不值。它的价值只在于它可以获得常见的同意。毫无疑问,名义货币是人类最神奇的创造之一。任何经济学家都还没办法确切讲解,为何大家可以把一种除去法定的价值外显然没任何价值的东西作为宝贵的东西来常见同意。

简单概括来讲,名义货币事实上是把货币形态象征化,也就是货币的实体与额面价值离别,货币代表的价值大于货币本身材料的价值。

这也就是为何每当出现了金融动荡的时候?嗣蔷突岱追装咽掷锏某?倍一怀衫鲜降摹⒈旧碛涤屑壑档幕醣遥?热缃鹨?裙笾亟鹗簟?/P

下面大家再完整听一遍哈珀教授谈话的原文。(略)


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